Drontal Cat

Not intended for use in kittens less than 6 weeks of age.

Do not use simultaneously with piperazine compounds.

Until sufficient studies have been performed with this combination, do not use during pregnancy.

User Safety:

In the interests of good hygiene, persons administering the tablets directly to a cat, or by adding them to the cat’s food, should wash their hands afterwards.

For animal treatment only.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Environmental Safety:

Empty containers or part used product should be disposed of with household refuse.

Unused product should be disposed of in accordance with any guidance from an appropriate waste regulation authority.

Presentation

Drontal Cat Tablets are coated white to pale yellow tablets each containing 230 mg pyrantel embonate and 20 mg praziquantel

Drontal Cat XL Tablets are coated white to pale yellow tablets each containing 345 mg pyrantel embonate and 30 mg praziquantel.

Uses

For the treatment of gastrointestinal roundworms and tapeworms of cats (see also ‘further information’).

Ascarids: Toxocara cati

Toxascaris leonina

Tapeworm: Dipylidium caninum

Taenia taeniaeformis

Dosage and administration

Dosage

The recommended dose rates are 57.5 mg/kg pyrantel embonate and 5 mg/kg praziquantel. This is equivalent to one Drontal Cat Tablets per 4 kg bodyweight and 1 Drontal Cat XL Tablets per 6 kg bodyweight.

See dosage chart below for examples:

Weight of Cat No of Drontal Cat Tablets No of Drontal Cat XL Tablets

up to 2 kg 0.5 -

> 2 kg up to 4 kg 1 -

> 4 kg up to 6 kg - 1

> 6 kg up to 8 kg 2

> 8 kg up to 10 kg 1 plus 1

Administration and Duration of Treatment

For single oral administration. The tablets should be given directly to the animal, but if necessary can be disguised in food.

Use During Pregnancy and Lactation

Not to be used during pregnancy but may be used during lactation.

Pharmaceutical precautions

Do not store above 25°C.

Do not remove tablets from strip packing until required for use. Any part-used tablets should be discarded.

Further information

Drontal® Cat Tablets and Drontal® Cat XL Tablets are an anthelmintic active against roundworms and tapeworms. The product contains two active ingredients, pyrantel embonate (pamoate) and praziquantel. Praziquantel is used widely as an anthelmintic for both human and veterinary use.

Pyrantel acts as a cholinergic agonist. Its mode of action is to stimulate nicotinic cholinergic receptors of the parasite, induce spastic paralysis and thereby allow expulsion from the gastro-intestinal (GI) system by peristalsis.

Praziquantel is very rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the parasite. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that praziquantel causes severe damage to the parasite integument, resulting in contraction and paralysis. There is an almost instantaneous tetanic contraction of the parasite musculature and a rapid vacuolisation of the syncytial tegument. This rapid contraction has been explained by changes in divalent cation fluxes, especially calcium.

In this fixed combination product, the pyrantel is active against the following ascarids: Toxocara cati, and Toxascaris leonina; the praziquantel is effective against tapeworms, in particular Dipylidium caninum and Taenia taeniaeformis.

The product has been shown to be effective in the control of hookworms Ancylostoma tubaeforme and A. braziliense and the tapeworm Joyeuxiella pasqualei, none of which occur naturally in cats in the UK but may occasionally be found in imported animals.

Praziquantel is effective against Echinococcus multilocularis. E. multilocularis does not occur in the UK but is becoming more common in some European countries. As a precautionary measure to prevent establishment of E. multilocularis in the UK, it is recommended that all cats entering the country be treated with praziquantel.

Fleas serve as intermediate hosts for one common type of tapeworm - Dipylidium caninum. Tapeworm infestation is certain to re-occur unless control of intermediate hosts such as fleas, mice etc. is undertaken

Drontal Plus (Dog)

Do not use simultaneously with piperazine compounds.

User safety:

In the interests of good hygiene, persons administering the tablets directly to the dog, or by adding them to the dog's food, should wash their hands afterwards.

Presentation

Drontal Plus Flavour Tablet is a pale brown to brown flavoured tablet containing 50 mg praziquantel, 144 mg pyrantel embonate and 150 mg febantel.

Drontal Plus XL Tablet is a pale yellow tablet containing 175 mg praziquantel, 504 mg pyrantel embonate and 525 mg febantel.

Uses

For the control of the following gastrointestinal tapeworms and roundworms of dogs and puppies.

Ascarids

Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina (adult and late immature forms).

Hookworms

Uncinaria stenocephala, Ancylostoma caninum (adults).

Whipworms

Trichuris vulpis (adults).

Tapeworms

Echinococcus species, Taenia species, Dipylidium caninum (adults and immature forms).

Dosage and administration

For oral administration only.

The recommended dose rates are: 15 mg/kg bodyweight febantel, 14.4 mg/kg pyrantel and 5 mg/kg praziquantel.

1 Drontal Plus Flavour Tablet per 10 kg bodyweight;

1 Drontal Plus XL Tablet per 35 kg bodyweight.

The tablets can be given directly to the dog or disguised in food. No starvation is needed before or after treatment.

Dosage Guide: Puppies and small dogs

½–2 kg bodyweight = ¼ Drontal Plus Flavour Tablet

2–5 kg bodyweight = ½ Drontal Plus Flavour Tablet

6–10 kg bodyweight = 1 Drontal Plus Flavour Tablet

Dosage Guide: Medium dogs

11–15 kg bodyweight = 1½ Drontal Plus Flavour Tablet

16–20 kg bodyweight = 2 Drontal Plus Flavour Tablet

21–25 kg bodyweight = 2½ Drontal Plus Flavour Tablet

26–30 kg bodyweight = 3 Drontal Plus Flavour Tablet

Dosage Guide: Large dogs

31 - 35 kg bodyweight = 1 tablet Drontal Plus XL

36 - 40 kg bodyweight = 1 Drontal Plus XL Tablet plus

½ tablet Drontal Plus Flavour

41 - 45 kg bodyweight = 1 Drontal Plus XL Tablet plus

1 tablet Drontal Plus Flavour

46 - 50 kg bodyweight = 1 Drontal Plus XL Tablet plus

1½ tablets Drontal Plus Flavour

51 - 55 kg bodyweight = 1 Drontal Plus XL Tablet plus

2 tablets Drontal Plus Flavour

56 - 60 kg bodyweight = 1 Drontal Plus XL Tablet plus

2½ tablet Drontal Plus

61 - 65 kg bodyweight = 1 Drontal Plus XL Tablet plus

3 tablets Drontal Plus Flavour

66 - 70 kg bodyweight = 2 Drontal Plus XL Tablets

For routine treatment a single dose is recommended.

Puppies should be treated at 2 weeks of age and every 2 weeks until 12 weeks of age. Thereafter they should be treated at 3 month intervals. It is advisable to treat the bitch at the same time as the puppies.

For the control of Toxocara, nursing bitches should be dosed 2 weeks after giving birth and every two weeks until weaning.

For routine control adult dogs should be treated every 3 months. For routine treatment a single dose is recommended. In the event of heavy roundworm infestation a repeat dose should be given after 14 days.

Use During Pregnancy and Lactation

Consult a veterinary surgeon before treating pregnant animals for roundworms.

The product may be used during lactation.

Do not exceed recommended dose when treating pregnant bitches.

Pharmaceutical precautions

Do not store above 25°C.

Protect from light.

Do not use after the expiry date.

Any part used tablets should be discarded.

Any unused or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with national requirements.

Further information

The product contains anthelmintics active against roundworms and tapeworms. The product contains three active substances: Febantel, Pyrantel embonate (pamoate) and Praziquantel.

Praziquantel is a partially hydrogenated pyrazino-isoquinoline derivative used widely as an anthelmintic for both human and veterinary use.

In this fixed combination pyrantel and febantel act against all relevant nematodes (ascarids, hookworms, and whipworms) in dogs. In particular the activity spectrum covers Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Uncinaria stenocephala, Ancylostoma caninum and Trichuris vulpis. This combination shows synergistic activity in the case of hookworms and febantel is effective against T.vulpis.

The spectrum of activity of praziquantel covers all important cestode species in dogs, in particular Taenia spp, Dipylidium caninum, Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis. Praziquantel acts against all adult and immature forms of these parasites.

Pyrantel acts as a cholinergic agonist. Its mode of action is to stimulate nicotinic cholinergic receptors of the parasite, induce spastic paralysis of the nematodes and thereby allow removal from the gastrointestinal system by peristalsis.

Within the mammalian system febantel undergoes ring closure forming fenbendazole and oxfendazole. It is these chemical entities which exert the anthelmintic effect by inhibition of tubulin polymerization. Formation of microtubules is thereby prevented, resulting in disruption of structures vital to the normal functioning of the helminth. Glucose uptake in particular is affected, leading to a depletion in cell ATP. The parasite dies upon exhaustion of its energy reserves, which occurs 2-3 days later.

Praziquantel is very rapidly absorbed through the parasite’s surface and distributed throughout the parasite. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that praziquantel causes severe damage to the parasite integument, resulting in the contraction and paralysis of the parasites. There is an almost instantaneous titanic contraction of the parasite musculature and a rapid vacuolization of the syncytial tegument. This rapid contraction has been explained by changes in divalent cation fluxes, especially calcium.

Benzimidazoles possess a wide safety margin. Pyrantel is not absorbed systemically to any extent. Praziquantel also has a wide safety margin, beyond five-times overdose.

The product is well tolerated in dogs. In safety studies doses of 5 x or greater gave rise to occasional vomiting.

Since it contains praziquantel, the product is effective against Echinococcus multilocularis, which does not occur in the UK but is becoming more common in some European countries. As a precautionary measure to prevent establishment of E. multilocularis in the UK and Ireland, it is recommended that all dogs entering the country travelling either under the PETS scheme (UK only) or going into quarantine (UK & Ireland) be treated with praziquantel.

Plerion Dog

Plerion 5 chewable tablets for dogs / Plerion 10 chewable tablets for Dogs

Presentation

Plerion 5 chewable tablets are brown, slightly speckled and oblong in shape.

Each chewable tablet (Plerion 5) contains:

25 mg pyrantel (as embonate)

100 mg oxantel (as embonate)

25 mg praziquantel.

Plerion 10 chewable tablets are brown, slightly speckled and round in shape.

Each chewable tablet (Plerion 10) contains:

50 mg pyrantel (as embonate)

200 mg oxantel (as embonate)

50 mg praziquantel

Uses

For the treatment of dogs harbouring mixed parasitic infestations

with the following adult stages of nematode and cestode species:

Ascarids: Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina.

Hookworms: Uncinaria stenocephala, Ancylostoma caninum.

Whipworms: Trichuris vulpis.

Tapeworms: Dipylidium caninum, Mesocestoides spp., Taenia ovis,

Taenia pisiformis, Taenia hydatigena, Taenia multiceps, Echinococcus spp.

Dosage and administration

Single oral administration.

The recommended dose rate is 5 mg pyrantel + 20 mg oxantel + 5 mg praziquantel per

kg bodyweight, i.e. 1 Plerion 5 tablet per 5 kg b.w., or 1 Plerion 10 tablet per 10 kg b.w.

The chewable tablets contain a flavour and are taken voluntarily by most

dogs. The tablets can be given directly to the dog or with food.

To ensure a correct dosage, body weight should be determined as accurately as possible.

Echinococcosis represents a hazard for humans. As Echinococcosis is a notifiable

disease to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), specific guidelines on the

treatment and follow-up, and on the safeguard of persons, need to be obtained from the relevant competent authority.

The administration should follow the dosage scheme proposed in the table below:

Body weight of dogs

Quantity of Plerion 5 tablets

Quantity of Plerion 10 tablets

2.5 - 5 kg

6 - 10 kg

11 - 15 kg

16 - 20 kg

21 - 30 kg

31 - 40 kg

41 - 50 kg

51 - 60 kg

61 - 70 kg

Contra-indications, warnings, etc

Do not use in dogs younger than 2 months of age.

•Plerion 5 tablets: Do not use in dogs weighing less than 2.5 kg.

•Plerion 10 tablets: Do not use in dogs weighing less than 5 kg.

Do not use in animals with known hypersensitivity to any of the components of the product.

On rare occasions vomiting and diarrhoea may be observed following the treatment.

Although not observed in studies performed with this product, anorexia may occur as it is a

common adverse effect of products containing praziquantel.

Parasite resistance to any particular class of anthelmintic may develop following frequent,

repeated use of an anthelmintic of that class.

When D. caninum infection is present, concomitant treatment against intermediate hosts, 00000

such as fleas and lice, should be considered to prevent re-infection.

Dogs kept together or in kennels should be treated at the same time.

Roundworm and Hookworm infections:

In some animals, Ancylostoma caninum and Toxocara canis may not be totally eradicated by

0000000000 the treatment, resulting in a continued risk of shedding of eggs intot

the environment. Follow-up examinations of the faeces are advisable and, based on the results

of these examinations, treatment with a nematodicidal product should be carried out, if necessary.

In debilitated or heavily infested animals, the product should be used only according to a benefit/risk

assessment by the responsible veterinarian.

The safety of the product has not been established in bitches during pregnancy and lactation.

Laboratory studies in rats and rabbits have not produced any evidence of teratogenic, foetotoxic or

maternotoxic effects. Use only according to the benefit/risk assessment by the responsible veterinary surgeon.

Do not use simultaneously with levamisole, piperazine or choline esterase inhibitors.

In safety studies overdoses of 3 times the highest recommended dose of 10 mg pyrantel,

40 mg oxantel and 10 mg praziquantel per kg bodyweight or overdoses

of the highest recommended dose given for 3 consecutive days led to sporadic vomiting or

soft faeces. These clinical signs resolved without further treatment.

Operator warnings:

Do not eat or drink while handling the product.

Wash your hands thoroughly with water and soap immediately after use of the product.

This veterinary medicinal product may cause irritation to the eyes; any contact with the eyes

should be avoided while using the product. If accidental eye contact occurs,

flush eyes immediately with plenty of water.

In case of accidental ingestion, seek medical advice immediately and

show the package leaflet or the label to the physician.

Withdrawal period:

Not applicable.

For animal treatment only.

Keep out of reach and sight of children.

Pharmaceutical precautions

This veterinary medicinal product does not require any special temperature storage conditions.

Store in the original container in order to protect from light.

Dispose of any unused product and empty containers in accordance with guidance from your local waste regulation authority.

Legal category

NFA-VPS

Packaging Quantities

PVC/PVDC/aluminium heat sealed peelable blisters.

Cartons containing:

2 tablets (1 blister with 2 tablets),

20 tablets (10 blisters with 2 tablets),

160 tablets (20 blisters with 8 tablets) and

200 tablets (25 blisters with 8 tablets).

Not all pack sizes may be marketed.

Further information

Nil

Marketing authorisation number

Plerion 5 chewable tablets: Vm 01708/4543.

Plerion 10 chewable tablets: Vm 01708/4544.

Significant Changes

Frontline Spot-on Cat

For animal treatment only.

For external use only.

Animals should be weighed accurately prior to treatment.

Do not use in rabbits, as adverse reactions and even death could occur.

Flammable.

Animals or operators with a known hypersensitivity to insecticides or alcohol should avoid contact with FRONTLINE Spot On Cat.

In the absence of available data, the product should not be used on kittens less than 8 weeks old and/or weighing less than 1kg.

Do not use on sick (systemic diseases, fever...) or convalescent animals.

Among the extremely rare suspected adverse reactions, transient cutaneous reactions at the application site (scaling, local alopecia, pruritis, erythema) and general pruritis or alopecia have been reported after use.

Exceptionally, hypersalivation, reversible neurological signs (hyperaesthesia, depression, nervous signs) or vomiting have been observed after use.

Do not overdose.

Avoid contact with the animals eyes.

Fipronil may adversely affect aquatic organisms. Do not contaminate ponds, waterways or ditches with the product or empty containers. Dispose of used packaging in the household refuse.

Operator Warnings:

The product can cause mucous membrane and eye irritation and so contact with the mouth and eyes should be avoided.

Avoid contents coming into contact with the fingers. If this occurs, wash hands with soap and water. After accidental ocular exposure the eye should be rinsed carefully with plain water.

Wash hands after use.

Do not smoke, eat or drink during application.

Treated animals should not be handled until the application site is dry, and children should not be allowed to play with treated animals until the application site is dry. It is therefore recommended that animals are not treated during the day, but should be treated during the early evening, and that recently treated animals should not be allowed to sleep with owners, especially children.

Presentation

Spot on solution containing 10% w/v fipronil. Each pipette contains 0.5 ml (50 mg fipronil).

Uses

The treatment and prevention of infestations by fleas (Ctenocephalides spp.), ticks (Rhipicephalus spp., Dermacentor spp. and Ixodes spp.) in cats, and as part of a treatment strategy for Flea Allergy Dermatitis, where this has been previously diagnosed by a veterinary surgeon. The product controls infestations with Felicola subrostratus biting lice on cats. FRONTLINE Spot On Cat can be used in kittens from 8 weeks of age and weighing at least 1kg.

Dosage and administration

Route of administration

By topical application to the skin.

Dosage

1 pipette of 0.5 ml per cat (approximately 7.5 - 15 mg/kg).

Method of administration

Hold upright. Tap the narrow part of the pipette to ensure that the contents are within the main body of the pipette. Break back the snap-off top of the spot-on pipette along the scored line. Part the coat between the shoulder blades until the skin is visible. Place the tip of the pipette on the skin and squeeze gently to empty its contents onto the skin, preferably at two spots, one at the base of the skull and a second 2-3 cms further back.

Care should be taken to avoid excessive wetting of the hair with the product since this will cause a sticky appearance of hairs at the treatment spot. However, should this occur, it will disappear within 24 hours post application.

In the absence of safety studies, the minimum treatment interval is 4 weeks.

It is important to apply the dose to an area where the animal cannot lick off and to make sure that animals do not lick each other after treatment. If licking does occur, a brief period of hypersalivation may be observed, due mainly to the nature of the carrier. Ensure that treated animals do not groom each other after treatment until dry.

Pharmaceutical precautions

Store in the original package.

Store in a dry place.

Do not store above 30oC.

Keep out of reach of children.

Flammable.

Further information

Fipronil is a member of the phenylpyrazole family of non-systemic insecticides/acaricides, which acts by blocking the GABA receptor to kill the target parasite on contact.

FRONTLINE Spot On Cat is effective against fleas for up to 5 weeks in cats and prevents re-infestation with all stages of Rhipicephalus spp., Dermacentor spp., and Ixodes spp. ticks for up to one month, depending on the level of environmental challenge. Newly arriving fleas are killed within 24 hours of landing on the animal. Re-treatment may safely be carried out at one month intervals.

FRONTLINE Spot On Cat is licensed for use as part of a strategy for the treatment of Flea Allergy Dermatitis. For this condition, monthly application to the allergic patient and to other cats in the household is recommended.

FRONTLINE Spot On Cat does not prevent ticks attaching to the animal, but ticks will be killed in the first 24-48 hours after attachment. Once dead, ticks will often drop off the animal, but any remaining ticks may easily be removed by a gently pull, preferably using tweezers. There may be an attachment of single ticks. For this reason transmission of infectious diseases cannot be completed excluded if conditions are unfavourable.

For optimum control of flea problems in a multi-pet household, all dogs and cats in the household should be treated with a suitable insecticide. Fleas from pets often infest the animal's basket, bedding and regular resting areas such as carpets and soft furnishings which should be treated, in case of massive infestation and at the beginning of the control measures, with a suitable insecticide and vacuumed regularly.

When treating infestations of lice, all in-contact cats should be treated with an appropriate product at the same time.

Laboratory studies using fipronil have not shown any teratogenic or embryotoxic effect.

The safety of the product was demonstrated in breeding, pregnant and lactating queens treated with multiple consecutive doses with up to 3 times the maximum recommended dose. FRONTLINE Spot On Cat can be used in breeding, pregnant and lactating queens.

No adverse effects have been seen in cats and kittens aged 8 weeks or older and weighing about 1kg treated monthly with five times the recommended dose for six consecutive months. However, the risk of adverse effects may increase with overdosing. Itching may occur following treatment.

After the topical application of FRONTLINE Spot On Cat, the products will spread from the site of treatment to cover the entire surface of the animal within 24 hours. After application, absorption of fipronil through the skin is negligible.

No known incompatibilities exist for the use of other insecticides or flea control products concurrently with FRONTLINE Spot On Cat.

There are no data available on the effect of bathing and shampooing on the efficacy of FRONTLINE Spot On Cat in cats. However, based on information available for dogs shampooed from 2 days after application of the product, it is not recommend to bath animals within 2 days after application of FRONTLINE Spot On Cat.

The alcohol carrier may have adverse effects on painted, varnished or other household surfaces or furnishings.

Frontline Spot-on Dog

Presentation

Spot on solution containing 10% w/v fipronil. Presented in plastic pipettes, each containing 0.67 ml (67 mg fipronil), 1.34 ml (134 mg fipronil), 2.68 ml (268 mg fipronil) or 4.02ml (402 mg fipronil).

Uses

The treatment and prevention of infestations by fleas (Ctenocephalides spp.) and ticks (Rhipicephalus spp., Dermacentor spp. and Ixodes spp.) and as part of a treatment strategy for Flea Allergy Dermatitis, where this has been previously diagnosed by a veterinary surgeon. The product controls infestations with Trichodectes canis biting lice on dogs. FRONTLINE Spot On Dog can be used in puppies from 8 weeks of age and weighing over 2kg.

Dosage and administration

Route of administration

By topical application to the skin.

Dosage

1 pipette of 0.67 ml per dog weighing over 2 kg and up to 10 kg bodyweight (approximately 7.5 - 15 mg/kg).

1 pipette of 1.34 ml per dog weighing over 10 kg and up to 20 kg bodyweight (approximately 7.5 - 15 mg/kg).

1 pipette of 2.68 ml per dog weighing over 20 kg and up to 40 kg bodyweight (approximately 7.5 - 15 mg/kg).

1 pipette of 4.02 ml per dog weighing over 40 kg and up to 60 kg bodyweight (approximately 7.5 – 15 mg/kg).

For dogs over 60 kg bodyweight, use two pipettes of 2.68 ml.

Method of administration

Hold upright. Tap the narrow part of the pipette to ensure the contents are within the main body of the pipette. Break back the snap-off top of the spot-on pipette along the scored line. Part the coat between the shoulder blades until the skin is visible. Place the tip of the pipette on the skin and squeeze gently at one or two spots to empty its contents onto the skin.

In the absence of safety studies, the minimum treatment interval is 4 weeks.

Contra-indications, warnings, etc

For animal treatment only.

For external use only.

Animals should be weighed accurately prior to treatment.

Do not use in rabbits, as adverse reactions and even death could occur.

Flammable.

Animals or operators with a known hypersensitivity to insecticides or alcohol should avoid contact with FRONTLINE Spot On Dog.

In the absence of available data, the product should not be used on puppies less than 8 weeks old and/or weighing less than 2kg.

Do not use on sick (systemic diseases, fever....) or convalescent animals.

This product is specifically developed for dogs. Do not use in cats as this could lead to overdosing.

Do not overdose.

It is important to apply the dose to an area where the animal cannot lick it off, and to make sure that animals do not lick each other following treatment. If licking occurs, a brief period of hypersalivation may occur, due mainly to the nature of the carrier.

Among the extremely rare suspected adverse reactions, transient cutaneous reactions at the application site (skin discolouration, local alopecia, pruritis, erythema) and general pruritis or alopecia have been reported after use. Exceptionally, hypersalivation, reversible neurological signs (hyperaesthesia, depression, nervous signs) or vomiting or respiratory signs have been observed after use.

Dogs should not be allowed to swim in watercourses for 2 days after application.

Operator warnings

The product can cause mucous membrane and eye irritation and so contact with the mouth and eyes should be avoided.

Avoid contents coming into contact with the fingers. If this occurs, wash hands with soap and water.

After accidental ocular exposure the eye should be rinsed carefully with plain water.

Avoid contact with the animal's eyes.

Wash hands after use.

Do not smoke, eat or drink during application .

Ensure that treated animals do not groom each other after treatment until dry.

Fipronil may adversely affect aquatic organisms. Do not contaminate ponds, waterways or ditches with the product or empty containers. Dispose of used packaging in the household refuse.

Pharmaceutical precautions

Store in the original package.

Store in a dry place.

Do not store above 30oC.

Keep out of reach of children.

Flammable.

Legal category

NFA-VPS

Packaging Quantities

Blister packs each containing 1 pipette of 0.67ml, or 3 or 6 pipettes of either 0.67 ml, 1.34 ml, 2.68 ml or 4.02 ml.

Further information

Fipronil is a member of the phenylpyrazole family of non-systemic insecticides/acaricides, which acts by blocking the GABA receptor to kill the target parasite on contact.

FRONTLINE Spot On Dog is effective against flea infestation for approximately two months and against tick infestation for up to one month, depending on the level of environmental challenge. Newly arriving fleas are killed within 24 hours of landing on the animal. Re-treatment may safely be carried out at one month intervals.

FRONTLINE Spot On Dog is licensed for use as part of a strategy for the treatment of Flea Allergy Dermatitis. For this condition, monthly application to the allergic patient and to other dogs in the household is recommended.

FRONTLINE Spot On Dog does not prevent all ticks attaching to the animal, but ticks will be killed in the first 24 - 48 hours after attachment, prior to full engorgement and therefore minimising the risk of transmission of disease. Once dead, ticks will often drop off the animal, but any remaining ticks may easily be removed by a gentle pull, preferably using tweezers. There may be an attachment of single ticks. For this reason transmission of infectious diseases cannot be completely excluded if conditions are unfavourable.

Fleas from pets often infest the animal's basket, bedding and regular resting areas such as carpets and soft furnishings which should be treated, in case of massive infestation and at the beginning of the control measures, with a suitable insecticide and vacuumed regularly.

When treating infestations of lice, all in-contact dogs should be treated with an appropriate product at the same time.

Laboratory studies using fipronil have not shown any teratogenic or embryotoxic effect. The safety of the product was demonstrated in breeding, pregnant and lactating bitches treated with multiple consecutive doses with up to 3 times the maximum recommended dose. FRONTLINE Spot On Dog can be used in breeding, pregnant and lactating bitches.

No adverse effects were seen in 8-week old puppies, growing dogs and dogs weighing about 2 kg treated once at five times the recommended dose. The risk of adverse effects may increase when overdosing, so animals should always be treated with the correct pipette size according to bodyweight. Safety data are not available for use of the product in animals less than 8 weeks of age.

After the topical application of FRONTLINE Spot On Dog, the product will spread from the site of treatment to cover the entire surface of the animal within 24 hours. After application, absorption of fipronil through the skin is slight.

No known incompatibilities exist for the use of other insecticides or flea control products concurrently with FRONTLINE Spot On Dog.

Bathing or shampooing the animal up to one hour prior to treatment does not affect the efficacy of the product. Bathing/immersion in water within 2 days after application of the product and more frequent bathing than once a week should be avoided, as no study has been performed to investigate how this affects the efficacy of the product. Emollient shampoos can be used prior to treatment, but reduce the duration of protection against fleas to approximately 5 weeks when used weekly after application of the product. Weekly bathing with a 2% chlorhexidine medicated shampoo did not affect efficacy against fleas during a 6 week long study.

The alcohol carrier may have adverse effects on painted, varnished or other household surfaces or furnishings.

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